Michael Durham Photography

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  • A young (31day old) red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-245.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-219.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-138.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-124.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-110.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-278.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-272.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-268.jpg
  • A young (31day old) red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-247.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-228.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-192.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-173.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-172.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-153.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-150.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-134.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-133.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-132.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-106.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-270.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-257.jpg
  • A young (31day old) red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-246.jpg
  • A young (31day old) red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-242.jpg
  • A young (31day old) red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-241.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-220.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-206.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-197.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-174.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-152.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle. Note the parasitic mites around the eye.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-144.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle. Note the parasitic mites around the eye.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-143.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-140.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-135.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-127.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-123.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-109.jpg
  • A male red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-263.jpg
  • A female red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) among Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    Red_Tree_vole_21414rv-121.jpg
  • A red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) stripping away the resin duct from a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-213.jpg
  • A red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eating a Douglas fir needle. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-205.jpg
  • A large old growth douglas-fir tree (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Mount Hood National Forest, Oregon.
    old-growth-forest-3113Og-235.jpg
  • A red tre vole (Arborimus longicaudus) mom and her 30 day old offspring. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-234.jpg
  • A red tre vole (Arborimus longicaudus) mom and her 30 day old offspring. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-231.jpg
  • A red tre vole (Arborimus longicaudus) mom and her 30 day old offspring. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-236.jpg
  • A red tre vole (Arborimus longicaudus) mom and her 30 day old offspring. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-229.jpg
  • A red tre vole (Arborimus longicaudus) mom and her 30 day old offspring. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-237.jpg
  • A young red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) travels through a passage in a nest made from the discarded resin ducts from Douglas-fir needles; a byproduct of their diet. Fresh, uneaten fir needles are also present. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-252.jpg
  • A red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) hides in a nest made from the discarded resin ducts from Douglas-fir needles; a byproduct of their diet. Fresh, uneaten fir needles are also present. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-271.jpg
  • A red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) sleeps in a nest made from the discarded resin ducts from Douglas-fir needles, Fresh, uneaten needle clippings are also present. Red tree voles are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-273.jpg
  • A western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) grows from the nutrients provided by a rotting stump of a douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in coastal forest in northern Oregon. Photographed on land managed by the North Coast Land Conservancy.
    nursery_log_102309Nl-49F.jpg
  • A western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) grows from the nutrients provided by a rotting stump of a douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in coastal forest in northern Oregon. Photographed on land managed by the North Coast Land Conservancy.
    night_forest_102309Nl-41F.jpg
  • A western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) grows from the nutrients provided by a rotting stump of a douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in coastal forest in northern Oregon. Photographed on land managed by the North Coast Land Conservancy.
    night_forest_102309Nl-23F.jpg
  • A young red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus). Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-183.jpg
  • A red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eamong discarded resin ducts from Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas-fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-256.jpg
  • Freshly discarded resin ducts from Douglas-fir needles. These are byproducts of red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) feeding on the needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas fir tree tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-250.jpg
  • A red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) eamong discarded resin ducts from Douglas fir needles. Red tree voles are rarely seen. They are nocturnal and live in Douglas-fir tree-tops and almost never come to the forest floor.  They are one of the few animals that can persist on a diet of conifer needles which is their principle food.  As a defense mechanism, conifer trees have resin ducts in their needles that contain chemical compounds (terpenoids) that make them unpalatable to animals.  Tree voles, however, are able to strip away these resin ducts and eat the remaining portion of the conifer needle.
    22514rv-254.jpg
  • Douglas fir trees clad in a light dusting of snow. From Lostine Ridge in the Wallowa Mountains.
    frozen_forest_DurHM215.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. Northern Oregon. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat3.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. Northern Oregon. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat9.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. Northern Oregon. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat8.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. Northern Oregon. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat13.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. Northern Oregon. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat12.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. Northern Oregon. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat11.jpg
  • A hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) climbing through a douglas fir bough. The hoary bat will often day roost / night roost in the branches of trees in more exposed areas than is typical for most bats. © Michael Durham / www.DurmPhoto.com
    HoaryBat1.jpg
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